John Shore | National Portrait Gallery/Wikimedia Commons [Public Domain]
The morning of his departure, he received an invitation to Government House, the governor general’s official residence. Duane accepted the invitation, considering it a farewell gesture. Instead, Shore, in methods well-emulated by countless Bollywood and other villains since then, had Duane detained, arrested and all his property confiscated.
To London and Philadelphia
Three days later, Duane was put on board an Indiaman – a term used to describe any ship chartered or licenced by the East India Company – headed toward London. It was 1795, six years since the French Revolution, and Duane found himself in a politically-charged London, with revolutionary rhetoric, suspicion and paranoia in the air.
A Visit to Colombia, Duane’s book detailing his travels, is publicly available and his other writings, in six volumes, called the William Duane notebooks, remain with the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. In the third volume Duane makes interesting observations about the history of India and also writes about the Vedas and the epics.
In London, a newspaperman at heart, he worked for The Telegraph, a paper that spoke for the working classes and artisans. The British Parliament’s Committee of Secrecy had, in 1794, recommended the suspension of habeas corpus, by which those perceived as dissenters and opponents to the government could be arrested without warrant. Duane, having caught the authorities’ attention, fled. This time, it was westward to Philadelphia.
Duane had to make a new life for himself all over again, but he remained loyal to causes dear to his heart. In Philadelphia, he worked for the Aurora, a paper that is believed to have been jointly founded by Duane and Benjamin Franklin Bache, grandson of the American statesman and inventor who shared his name.
Duane’s life took yet another turn when a yellow fever epidemic in 1798 claimed the lives of his wife and of Bache, who was only 29. For some years, Duane ran the paper in association with Bache’s wife, Margaret, whom he would marry a few years later.
Getting the president elected
As Aurora’s editor, Duane wrote articles in favour of the American statesman, Thomas Jefferson who was the primary writer of the Declaration of Independence and a leading figure in support of democracy and states’ rights to veto any unpopular legislation. When Duane was threatened with deportation yet again as per the Alien and Sedition Act, instituted by the government under President John Adams, Duane was quick to file for citizenship.
As the campaign to elect the third President progressed, Duane met his match in William Cobbett, publisher of the rival Porcupine Gazette in Philadelphia. Cobbett spoke for Adams, and the Federalists. Malicious, wildly inventive, and scurrilous news items appeared, with proponents of both sides determined to get their own candidate elected. It was a time when necessary truths, and “fake news” of a kind, flew fast and furious.
Duane’s support for Jefferson received its just rewards, after the candidate won the election to become America’s third president. As records of the historical society of Pennsylvania show, Jefferson, in many ways, credited Duane and the Aurora for his victory. Duane secured an influential position in the military (as support staff), thanks to Jefferson’s intervention. During 1822-’23, he also visited South America, riding muleback across a large part of Venezuela and Colombia, whose struggles against Spain he greatly admired. He was, indeed, a man for all revolutions, and died in 1835.
The article was originally published in the Scroll.in